The Iberian Anarchist Federation, FAI-Federación Anarquista Ibérica) is a Spanish organization of anarchists (anarcho-syndicalist and anarchist). The Iberian part of its name alludes to the purpose of unifying Spanish and Portuguese anarchists in a Pan-Iberian organization. The FAI meetings were attended by members of the União Anarquista Portuguesa and the Confederação Geral do Trabalho. Founded in Valencia in 1927 with the aim of keeping the CNT in racing track, considering that the latter had become a mediator between the working class and the capital. This connection became problematic when was placed under the administration of the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and his attempt to lead the labor movement. In early 1930 the FAI prevailed the CNT ( that led to a confrontation with the less radical union members and in mid-1933 resulted in the removal from the CNT and the creation of an anti FAI movement within the CNT and later the formation of the Trade Union Party under Ángel Pestaña in April 1934 ), leaving the leadership of the CNT under the stranglehold of the FAI. The members of the FAI will be in the forefront during the Spanish Civil War, forming militias and combatant sections and will suffer great losses in battles. After the death of Franco and the transition of Spain to a form of Crowned Democracy the FAI continued to operate within the CNT, is still in operation, and is aligned with the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF-IFA) while still publishes the journal Earth and Liberty-Tierra y Libertad.

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